James Lind’s discovery of the cause of scurvy was published in an article in 1754. In it, he argued the disease could be mitigated with the introduction of fruit on lengthy voyages at sea. In the following years, efforts were made to propagate health standards in the British navy and among the broader public. Modern public health was born.
While doctors treat people's illnesses, public health workers attempt to prevent illnesses and injuries from ever occurring. A broad-ranging effort, public health involves many different institutions and disciplines, including epidemiology, biostatistics, social sciences, and health service management.
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Public health developed rapidly in 19th century when advances in science led to a greater understanding of the cause and spread of diseases. New strategies developed, requiring community-wide participation and interactions between different organizations and agencies
Doctor and public health worker Sara Josephine Baker, M.D. established some of the first public health agencies in the US. Centered in New York City, her nursing homes helped mothers learn to dress, feed, and bathe newborns to prevent diseases. Lillian Wald, another health organizer, founded the Henry Street Settlement house in New York, which brought healthcare services to poor urban people.
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In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) was formed, as an agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. Its broad mandate is to advocate for universal healthcare, monitor public health risks, coordinate responses to health emergencies, and promote human health and well being.
Today, as we battle the Corona virus, public health workers are on the front lines, delivering the latest news about the virus to help prevent infection. Due to their efforts, the pandemic will hopefully be short lived, returning civilization to normal and saving the lives of millions.
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